India's FM Announces Climate Finance Taxonomy
Highlights
India’s Finance Minister proposes developing a climate finance taxonomy to stimulate capital availability for climate initiatives.
This taxonomy guides investments in sustainable projects and helps combat climate change.
Many countries have adopted similar systems to improve climate finance and reduce greenwashing.
In the Union Budget for 2024-25, India's Finance Minister (FM) Nirmala Sitharaman announced plans to introduce a climate finance taxonomy.
This initiative aims to improve the flow of capital towards projects that support climate adaptation and mitigation, helping India meet its climate goals and transition to a greener economy.
What Is a Climate Finance Taxonomy?
A climate finance taxonomy is a system that categorises various economic activities based on their sustainability. It provides investors and financial institutions with clear guidelines on which investments can be considered environmentally friendly. This system is essential for directing funds towards projects that address climate change.
According to a Canadian government report, taxonomies are used not only to classify financial instruments like green bonds but also to support climate risk management, net-zero planning, and climate-related disclosures.
Why Is This Taxonomy Important?
As global temperatures rise and climate impacts worsen, transitioning to a net-zero economy—where greenhouse gas emissions are balanced by removal from the atmosphere—becomes crucial. Taxonomies help identify whether economic activities align with scientifically-based transition paths and can encourage investment in climate solutions while reducing the risk of misleading claims about environmental benefits.
For India, a climate finance taxonomy could attract more international funding. Presently, green finance constitutes only about 3% of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, according to the Climate Policy Initiative’s 2022 report on green finance in India. A clear taxonomy could help address this shortfall by defining what qualifies as a sustainable investment.
Investment Potential in India
India has an estimated climate-smart investment opportunity of $3.1 trillion from 2018 to 2030, as reported by the International Finance Corporation (IFC). The largest investment potential lies in the electric vehicle sector, valued at $667 billion, as India seeks to electrify all new vehicles by 2030. Also, the renewable energy sector has myriad opportunities, with an investment potential of $403.7 billion.
Global Adoption of Taxonomies
Several countries have already developed or are working on their own climate finance taxonomies, including South Africa, Colombia, South Korea, Thailand, Singapore, Canada, and Mexico. The European Union has also established its own taxonomy.
India’s Climate Goals
India is committed to achieving a net-zero economy by 2070. It also aims to reduce its GDP’s emissions intensity by 45% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels. By 2030, India plans to source 50% of its electricity from non-fossil fuel sources.
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Source: The Indian Express
